Fatigue Characteristics of Materials for Aircraft Structural Elements from the Perspective of Synergetics

Abstract

The article investigates the features of fatigue damage formation in the materials of aircraft structural elements from the standpoint of the synergetic approach. The regularities of damage accumulation under cyclic loading are considered as the process of evolution of an open nonlinear system characterized by the self-organization of the defect structure. The main stages of material fatigue failure, including the initiation of microdefects, their interaction, localization of plastic deformation, and the formation of macrocracks, are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the interpretation of energy redistribution processes and structural transformations in the material using the principles of synergetics and the theory of nonequilibrium systems. A qualitative approach is proposed to describe the transition of the material from a stable state to a pre-critical state, making it possible to better explain the mechanisms of fatigue failure in aircraft structures. It is shown that the application of the synergetic concept improves the prediction of the residual life of aircraft structural elements, facilitates the identification of pre-critical material states, and enhances technical diagnostic methods. The obtained results confirm the prospects of applying nonlinear dynamics, self-organization, and synergetic modeling methods for assessing the durability of aviation materials and developing modern structural health monitoring systems for aircraft structures.